On Saturday, November 5th, King Salman issued a royal decree establishing a new anti-corruption committee. He appointed his son, Crown Prince Muhammad Bin Salman (MBS), as the committee’s leader and within a few hours sweeping arrests were made. Acting without support of the senior princes, MBS arrested and detained eleven princes, senior government officials, an undisclosed number of prominent businessmen linked to the royal family, and top military officers. Among those arrested on corruption charges, were Prince al-Waleed bin Talal, the Minister of Economy, and scores of Islamic scholars, judges, and intellectuals, whose views run the gamut from ultra-conservative to liberal. With this consolidation of power, MBS now commands all three hands of the Ministry of Defense.
This power grab foreshadows, albeit not imminent, the likely abdication of King Salman and the impending appointment of MBS as King. Beyond anti-corruption goals, MBS has a vision of Saudi Arabia as a more moderate and modern Islamic society. The regional rivalry and near-constant proxy wars fought by Saudi Arabia and Iran are motivation for many of the proposed reforms. Saudi Arabia must enter the 21st century with a global economy, not exclusively reliant on oil and gas, and seeking to encourage foreign investment and subtle gender equality. Beyond the legalization of women drivers, MBS has proposed the construction of green and smart cities in the country and has hosted investment galas soliciting support and funding for his endeavors. Many of these changes will be at odds with not only the ruling establishment that the arrests seek to marginalize, but also with the views of the average Saudi citizen. These reforms make the royal family vulnerable. Despite these risks, the reliable, albeit controversial, support of the U.S. will help sustain and accelerate modernization efforts by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the region.